After the demise of the Cold War the Arctic has been emerging as a scene for increasing scientific, environmental and economic cooperation between governments. In the military sphere though, the Arctic remains in the shadow of the military confrontation and competition of the Cold War. Russia maintains massive nuclear and conventional forces in the region, and the United States and United Kingdom continue to operate their attack submarines beneath the Arctic ice. This study is aimed at describing these strategic interests in the High North, focusing on their implications for the states which are located in the High North. It also tries to identify those Arms Control of Confidence Building Measures which might bed beneficial to enhance stability in the area.